ABSTRACT
Background: Domestic accidents are a priority problem, and urgent attention is required to prevent considerable morbidity and mortality in children of the under-five age group.Methods: Community based cross-section study done in the peri-urban areas of Aligarh, India. Mothers/care-givers were interviewed about any domestic accident faced by children under 5 year age, in the last 1 year, through a semi-structured, pilot tested questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using SPSS 24.0 software.Results: Majority of respondents were in the age group 20-35 years, majority of the children affected were male (35.6%), and in the age group of 3 to <4 years (22.3%). Most accidents occurred inside home, most commonly due to falls, followed by sharp injury and burn. Mother’s education level had a significant association with the occurrence of domestic accidents (odd’s ratio: 2.34, CI: 1.08-5.07).Conclusions: Domestic accidents among children are prevalent in the study area. Dissemination of injury prevention information with special focus on household modification and increased parental supervision are effective strategies to prevent unintentional injury.
ABSTRACT
Background: The study was conducted to compare the quality and duration of block by addition of either clonidine or Butorphanol as an adjuvant/additive to epidural bupivacaine in orthopaedic surgical patients. Methods: 75 patients of either sex of ASA status I &II, between 20-60 years of age undergoing orthopaedic surgery were selected for the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups of 25 each. Group I received 0.5% Bupivacaine (15ml) with 50 μg Clonidine in (1ml), Group II patients, received 0.5%Bupivacaine (15ml) with 1 mg Butorphanol (1ml) and Group III patients received 0.5% Bupivacaine (15ml) with Normal Saline (1ml). The hemodynamic parameters as well as quality of block including onset, completion and regression of motor block were observed. Parametric data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Inter group comparison was done using unpaired t-test, and chi square test. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The demographic profile was comparable among the three groups. Onset of analgesia was significantly early in butorphanol (9.08±2.58 min) group, followed by clonidine (10.6±2.5min) and control group. Duration of analgesia was longest in butorphanol group, followed by clonidine and control group. Height of sensory block achieved was comparable in the three groups (p>.05). Four hour postoperative pain score was significantly lower in butorphanol group as compared to clonidine and control group<0.05.Conclusion: The quality as well as block duration can be enhanced safely by addition of butorphanol as an additive to bupivacaine; butorphanol having an edge over clonidine for the same.
ABSTRACT
We present a case of life threatening laryngospasm following LMA removal in an asymptomatic infant with past history of watery nasal discharge, relieved of his symptoms by nasal drops. Child was operated for hernia under general anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation on LMA with an uneventful intra-operative course.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Pregnancy brings about significant changes in respiratory function, as evidenced by alterations in lung volumes and capacities, which are attributable to the mechanical impediment caused by the growing foetus. This study was undertaken in order to identify changes in respiratory function during normal pregnancy and to determine whether such changes are more pronounced in twin pregnancy than in singleton pregnancy. Methods: Respiratory function was assessed in 50 women with twin pregnancies and in 50 women with singleton pregnancies (during the third trimester in both groups), as well as in 50 non-pregnant women. We measured the following pulmonary function test parameters: FVC; FEV1; PEF rate; FEV1/FVC ratio; FEF25-75%; and maximal voluntary ventilation. Results: All respiratory parameters except the FEV1/FVC ratio were found to be lower in the pregnant women than in the non-pregnant women. We found no significant differences between women with twin pregnancies and those with singleton pregnancies, in terms of respiratory function. Conclusions: Despite its higher physiological demands, twin pregnancy does not appear to impair respiratory function to any greater degree than does singleton pregnancy. .
Objetivo: A gravidez traz mudanças significativas na função respiratória, evidenciada por alterações nos volumes e capacidades pulmonares, que são atribuíveis ao impedimento mecânico causado pelo feto em crescimento. Este estudo foi realizado a fim de identificar alterações na função respiratória durante a gravidez normal e determinar se tais alterações são mais pronunciadas em gestação gemelar que em gestação única. Métodos: Foi avaliada a função respiratória de 50 mulheres com gestações gemelares e de 50 mulheres com gestações únicas (durante o terceiro trimestre em ambos os grupos), bem como de 50 mulheres não grávidas. Medimos os seguintes parâmetros de função pulmonar: CVF, FEV1, taxa do PFE, relação VEF1/CVF, FEF25-75% e ventilação voluntária máxima. Resultados: Todos os parâmetros, exceto a relação VEF1/CVF, foram menores nas mulheres grávidas do que nas mulheres não grávidas.Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as mulheres com gestações gemelares e aquelas com gestações únicas em relação à função respiratória. Conclusões: Apesar das demandas fisiológicas maiores da gestação gemelar, essa não parece causar um comprometimento maior da função respiratória do que a gestação única. .